Education, Expert

A Practical Guide to Calculating Trading Risk

November 13, 2025 OnEquity

Whether you’re new to trading or managing a diversified portfolio, understanding how to measure and manage risk is fundamental to long-term performance. These core principles apply to every trader — yet even experienced professionals occasionally overlook their importance.
Knowing how to calculate exposure, potential profit, margin, and overall risk is the foundation of disciplined trading and effective capital management. The process is straightforward and can be done directly within your trading platform using a few essential metrics.

Accessing Instrument Specifications

Open your trading platform and hover over any symbol in your watchlist (or the instrument you intend to trade). Right-click and select “Specification.”
A pop-up window will appear with key details such as trading hours, swap points, and contract size. For this guide, we’ll focus on:

  • Contract Size
  • Digits
  • Currency (Margin / Profit)

Calculating Exposure

Let’s assume you are trading WTI crude oil. When you open the specification window, you’ll see:

  • Contract Size = 100
  • Digits = 2
  • Currency = USD (for both Margin and Profit)
    If you buy 1 lot at a price of $61, your exposure is:
    1 (lot) × 100 (contract size) × 61 (price) = $6,100 USD
  • If your account is denominated in EUR, convert this using the EUR/USD exchange rate (let’s assume 1.16):
    $6,100 / 1.16 = €5,258.62

Exposure represents the total value of your position in the market — not just the margin you’ve committed. It’s the first step in understanding how much capital is effectively at risk.

Calculating Profit

How much would you earn if WTI rises from $61 to $61.50?

Digits = 2 (meaning two decimal places, i.e., 0.0x)

(6,150 – 6,100) × 0.01 × 100 × 1 = $50

For a more complex example, let’s use EUR/USD (profit currency: USD, contract size: 100,000).

If you buy 0.30 lots at 1.16000, and the price moves to 1.16160:

(116,160 – 116,000) × 0.00001 × 100,000 × 0.3 = $48

For most major FX pairs, prices are quoted to five decimal places, meaning small movements can translate into significant returns when leveraged.

Calculating Margin

Your margin requirement depends on leverage, which varies by instrument and account type.
If you’re unsure, consult your account manager. In the EU, leverage is regulated by ESMA, with standard limits such as:

  • 30:1 for major FX pairs
  • 20:1 for major indices and gold
  • 10:1 for commodities like WTI
  • 5:1 for stocks and ETFs
    Continuing with our WTI example:
    €5,258.62 / 10 (leverage) = €525.86 used margin

Monitoring your used margin helps you manage portfolio exposure and ensure sufficient equity remains available to withstand market volatility.

Margin Call and Stop-Out Levels

Two critical concepts:

  • Margin Call – a warning that your account equity is nearing the minimum maintenance level.
  • Stop-Out – automatic position closure to protect remaining funds.
    Typical thresholds:
  • Margin Call: Equity / Used Margin = 100%
  • Stop-Out: Equity / Used Margin = 50%
    Simplified: when your equity equals the margin used, you’ll receive a Margin Call. When your equity falls to half that margin, your positions are stopped out.
    Example: Account size = $1,000, 1-lot WTI long at $61 uses $610 in margin.
    When equity drops to $610 (after a $390 loss), you receive a Margin Call. To find the price level:
    0.01 × 100 × 1 = $1 per tick
    ($390 / $1) × 0.01 = $3.90
    $61 – $3.90 = $57.10 (Margin Call price)

You can apply the same logic to calculate your Stop-Out level. Professional traders often monitor margin level (%) as part of risk management, ensuring sufficient buffers to prevent forced liquidation.

Conclusion

Mastering these calculations transforms trading from speculation into structured decision-making. By understanding how to quantify exposure, potential profit, and margin, traders gain control over their capital and can manage risk proactively rather than reactively.
Recognising your real level of risk doesn’t eliminate it — but it allows you to measure, manage, and align it with your strategy.

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Risk Disclosure: Trading financial instruments involves significant risk and may not suit all investors. Investment values can fluctuate and result in capital loss. Consider your objectives, experience, and risk tolerance before trading. Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.

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